黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2018-2019学年度上学期高一英语学科期末考试试题（解析版）

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双鸭山市第一中学2018-2019学年度上学期高一英语学科期末考试试题
　　（考试时间：120分钟  试卷满分：150分）
　　第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
　　第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
　　A
　　Scientists are studying different foods, and they will see which foods protect us from cancer(癌症), and which cause it. It is known that a healthy diet(饮食) will help keep a healthy body weight, which can also decrease the risk(风险) of many types of cancer.
　　Fruit and vegetables
　　Fruit and vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet. They can decrease the risk of some cancer types lith and throat cancer. They are a good source of many important nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and are an excellent source of fiber.
　　Our advice
　　Try to get plenty of fruit and vegetables in your diet. Eating fruit and vegetables with a variety of colors will help you get many kinds of vitamins and minerals, as the chemicals that give these foods their colors are good for you.
　　Meat
　　Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.
　　Our advice
　　Eat smaller and fewer parts of red and processed meat. Try using beans or peas instead of meat in your diet. When you cook meat, use low-temperature methods.
　　Fat
　　Fat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases. Meat is higher in saturated fat(饱和脂肪) and eating too much saturated fat may increase your risk of breast cancer.
　　Our advice
　　Try not to eat too much fatty foods. In particular, try to cut down on saturated fat contained in fatty meat, biscuits, and butter. Try to avoid frying foods in lots of oil.
　　1. According to the passage, fruit and vegetables ___________.
　　A. are an excellent source of fiber
　　B. will help you get all kinds of vitamins and minerals
　　C. are an only necessary part of a healthy diet
　　D. can increase the risk of some cancer types lith and throat cancer
　　2. What can we know about meat from the passage?
　　A. Eating processed meat is better than eating beans.
　　B. Processed meat is a part of a healthy diet.
　　C. Meat should be cooked at a high temperature.
　　D. Eating chicken is better than eating sausage.
　　3. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
　　A. Saturated fat leads to breast cancer.
　　B. Foods with fat will cause heart disease.
　　C. A healthy diet should contain fat.
　　D. Butter belongs to low-fat foods.
　　【答案】1. A    2. D    3. C
　　【解析】
　　【分析】
　　本文是一篇饮食健康类短文阅读。健康的饮食可以保护我们免受癌症，反之可能让我们容易患癌症。文章主要从水果和蔬菜、肉、脂肪三个方面告诉我们饮食中的注意点和建议。
　　【1题详解】
　　细节理解题。根据文章第二段They are a good source of many important nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and are an excellent source of fiber.可知，蔬菜和水果是纤维的极佳来源。故选A。
　　【2题详解】
　　推理判断题。根据文章第四段Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.可知，吃加工肉类会增加胃癌的风险，而白肉，比如鸡肉，不太可能增加你患癌症的风险，所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。故选D。
　　【3题详解】
　　推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容Fat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases.可知，脂肪是我们饮食中必不可少的一部分，所以推测出健康的饮食应该包含脂肪。故选C。
　　【点睛】推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题2中就是根据文章第四段Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.可知，吃加工肉类会增加胃癌的风险，而白肉，比如鸡肉，不太可能增加你患癌症的风险，所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。
　　B
　　My folght their first house in the early 1940s after Dad got a better job in Marquette, Michigan. We lived just inside the city limits in what was still a rural area.
　　In the spring of 1948, when I was 6 years old, my parents bought a calf（小牛）to replace our cow, which had been killed the year before. So one day we drove to a local farm and returned with a white and brown calf we named Tubby.