2017届高考英语二轮复习主谓一致导学案

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高考主谓一致的用法
　　一． 语法(形式)一致原则
　　一般情况下，句子主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：many a+单数名词，more than one+单数名词作主语。
　　eg:①The boy is playing with his friends.       
　　②More than one way has been tried.     
　　③Many a boy has made that mistake.
　　二． 意义一致的原则
　　㈠谓语动词的选用还要取决于主语表达的内容在含义上是单数意义还是复数意义。
　　eg:①Chinese is difficult for foreigners.       
　　②The Chinese are hard-working and brave.
　　㈡带有并列连词的what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。
　　eg:①What he says and what he does doesn’t concern me.他的言行与我无关。
　　②What he says and what he does don’t agree.他的言行不一致。
　　三． 就近一致原则
　　Neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,or,not only/just...but (also)...,not...but...连接两个名词或代词作主语，或在There/Here be句型中，谓语动词形式应与它最近的主语保持一致。
　　eg:①Not you but your sister is to blame.
　　②There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.(比较：There are two pencils and a pen on the desk.)
　　四． 就前(远)一致原则
　　主语结构为“主语+with/together with/along with/without/as well as/like/except/but/besides/rather than/including/not/perhaps/maybe短语等”作定语时，谓语动词形式就前一致。
　　eg:Nobody but Tom and Mary was here just now.
　　五． 主谓一致的其他情况
　　㈠谓语用单数的情况
　　⑴由and连接的并列成分是同一事件、同一概念、兼具身份或匹配出现时。(注：匹配出现指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西。如：meat and potatoes“肉炒土豆”milk and water“掺水的牛奶”a knife and fork“一副刀叉”a cup and saucer“一套茶碟茶杯”bread and butter“面包抹黄油”)
　　eg:①The worker and writer is from Zhengzhou.
　　②Truth and honesty is always the best policy.
　　③Fish and chips is what I want to have this morning.
　　④Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
　　⑵“no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and+(no/each/every/many a)+单数名词”结构作主语时。
　　eg:①Every boy and (every) girl is able to help the old.   
　　②Many a man and (many a) woman has seen it.
　　⑶one/each/every one/either/the number of+the+ns作主语时。
　　eg:Either of the parents is important to children.
　　⑷时间、价值、距离、重量、体积、面积等作主语表示总量时，应看成一整体时。
　　eg:①Ten minutes is enough if you want to go to the hospital.
　　②Twenty years has passed since we parted.
　　⑸不定式短语、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作主语时。
　　eg:To be a scientist is my dream.
　　⑹以s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语时。
　　eg:Politics as well as maths is difficult to learn for me.
　　⑺clothing,furniture,traffic,baggage,equipment,jewellery等无生命的集体名词作主语时。
　　eg:The traffic in Zhengzhou is very heavy in the rush hours.
　　⑻one and a half+复数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
　　eg: One and a half apples is left on the table.
　　㈡谓语用复数的情况
　　⑴由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个或多个不同的概念。
　　eg:①Sound,heat and light are different forms of energy.    
　　②To say and to do are two different things.
　　⑵people,cattle,police,crew(全体船员，全体乘务员)等有生命的集合名词作主语时。
　　eg:The police are searching for the robbers in the city.
　　⑶由两部分构成的表示物体的复数名词(trousers,shoes,glasses,gloves,scissors等)作主语时。
　　eg:The trousers are big for me.
　　⑷由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以”s”结尾的专有名词作主语时。
　　eg:The sport meets are going to be held this spring.
　　⑸a number/group of+ns作主语时。
　　eg:A number of books are missing from the library.
　　⑹the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人或夫妇二人，谓语动词用复数
　　eg:The Greens are having lunch together now.
　　㈢谓语根据实际用单复数的情况
　　⑴集合名词family,class,team,government,public,majority,audience,crowd,party,club,population等作主语，强调整体时用单数；强调个体或部分成员时用复数。
　　eg:①My family is a big one.    
　　②My family all like playing cards.
　　⑵单复数同形的名词(means,works,sheep,deer,fish(条),species,series等)作主语，谓语要根据具体含义而定。