《Friendship》学案3

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　　2011-2012学年高一英语必修1（冀教版）素材
　　Unit 2 Friendship  学案
　　一. 教学内容：
　　Unit 2  Friendship（II）
　　二. 语法讲解
　　I. 定语从句
　　在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句（Attributive Clauses）。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引出。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which
　　关系副词有：when, where, why
　　（1）关系代词引导的定语从句
　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等
　　成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。①who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）②whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
　　例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
　　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。    Please pass me the book whose (of which) the cover is green.
　　请递给我那本绿皮的书。③which, that
　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
　　例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
　　农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
　　你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
　　（2）关系副词引导的定语从句
　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。①when, where, why
　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。
　　例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.　
　　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　
　　北京是我的出生地。
　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
　　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
　　注意：先行词表示地点或时间时，有时用where或when，有时用that(which)引导定语从句，这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which)，否则用where或when。
　　例如：This is the house where he lived last year.
　　这是他去年住过的房子。This is the house that (which) he visited last year.
　　这是去年他参观过的房子。I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing.
　　我想起了我在北京呆过的快乐日子。
　　I have never forgotten the day which we spent together.
　　我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。②that代替关系副词
　　that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。
　　例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
　　他父亲在他出生那年去世了。
　　He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
　　他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
　　I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talked to his mother.
　　我不喜欢他同他母亲说话的方式。
　　（3）限制性和非限制性定语从句