《Women of great achievement》语法学案

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约1430字。

　　UNIT1  Women of great achievement
　　Period3  Structure: The Subject-Verb agreement（主谓一致）
　　分层目标 (Graded Objectives)   A. Get the hang of the priciples（easy）
　　B. Deal with problems of that kind correctly（medium)
　　语法精讲
　　Definition(定义)
　　主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。
　　Detailed principles
　　① and 连接两个名词或代词做主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数。但如果指的是同一个人, 同一种事物或是一个整体的东西或概念, 谓语动词用单数。
　　1) He and I _____both students of this school.  3) The knife and fork ____on the table.  
　　2)The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance.
　　every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
　　Each man and each woman is asked to attend.     No sound and no voice is heard.
　　② 集体名词作主语, 动词可单可复。主要由句子的意思决定：强调整体谓语动词用单数；强调不同的个体 时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有group, the public, family, class, team, group, police, government, crowd, enemy, college, school, audience(听众;观众), party, army, etc.
　　His family ______ going out.        His family ________all music lovers.
　　Exercise2 on Page5
　　③ 时间、距离、金钱、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数; 强调数量,谓语动词用复数。
　　Ten miles _____(be) a long distance.
　　Twenty years __________(pass) since they moved here.
　　④ with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, in addition to, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数语这些短语前的主语保持一致。 　
　　The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 
　　⑤either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致, 称“就近原则”。
　　1) Neither you nor I ______(be) wrong. 
　　2) There _____ (be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
　　3) Not only the students but also the teacher _________ (wish) for a holiday.
　　⑥ most of; some of; the rest of; half of; part of; ____ percent of; 分数of...; 在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
　　Most of the golden thread ________(use) on the clothes and the rest ________(keep) for themselves.
　　Two thirds of the students or so _______________(admit) into niversities last year.
　　代词neither, none作主语,谓语动词可单可复, 主要由说话人的意思而定。
　　Neither of the answers was/were right.       None of the information about him is true.
　　⑦ many a, more than one, 与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数,意义为复数。
　　Many a teenager has been crazy about pop stars.