《The world of our senses》学案

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　　M3U1 The world of our senses学案
　　Grammar and usage
　　第一部分：重点讲解
　　名词性从句和名词一样，在句中可以担任主语、表语、宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）和同位语。因此我们说名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句必须用陈述句语序,也就是说, (疑问词)  + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它.
　　主语从句
　　在复合句中作主语的句子称为主语从句, 从句作主语, 谓语动词用单数；通常由从属连词that, whether, 连接代词who, whose, what, which, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）或连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。
　　eg.1)* Whether we can reduce the use of energy is important.
　　2)* That pollution has become a serious problem in parts of the world is known to everyone.
　　3) What is needed is greater safety.
　　4) Whoever breaks the rules must be punished.
　　5)* How life began remains a puzzle to us.
　　6) It is said that paper was first made in China.
　　7) It seems that he is older.
　　8) It’s certain that the sports meeting will be delayed.
　　9) It doesn’t matter if you have no time to do it.
　　注意：1. 陈述句必须以that 引导, 不能省略。
　　2. 主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导。
　　3. 常用it作形式主语，代替真正的主语从句，但不能代替由what引导的主语从句。
　　4. 常用于It + be + adj. / n. / + that-clause
　　It’s certain / clear / a pity /a fact/ common knowledge/ said / hoped …+ that / whether…
　　It’s natural/ strange/ necessary/ important that… (should) …
　　5.It doesn’t matter if 是固定句型。
　　6. 句型：It is required/ suggested/ insisted/ ordered …that…(should)+ do…
　　7.that 与what的区别：
　　that在从句中不充当任何成分，没有意思；
　　what在从句中充当主语或宾语，意思是：…（所）…的
　　Practice:
　　他被选中了使我们很开心。
　　她是否有时间来还是个问题。
　　谁将被派去那儿还没有定下来。
　　我们所需要的是更多的时间。
　　他去了哪儿没人知道。
　　宾语从句
　　在复合句中起宾语作用的从属句称为宾语从句。
　　1. 作动词的宾语
　　(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
　　I heard that be joined the army.
　　She suggested ( that ) he do it at once.
　　(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
　　1) She did not know what had happened.
　　2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
　　(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
　　She told me that she would accept my invitation.
　　2. 作介词的宾语
　　Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
　　It depends on whether we will go.
　　3. 作形容词的宾语
　　例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
　　that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
　　Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
　　4. It 可以作为形式宾语
　　It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：
　　We heard it that she would get married next month.
　　We think it possible that the price will rise.
　　注意：1. 关系词that常可以省略;
　　2. 介词宾语用whether, 不用if;
　　3. find / make / see / hear / feel / think… + it + adj. / n. + that …句型中, it 作形式宾语, that引导真正的宾语从句, 不能省;
　　4. 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定