定语从句

约3630字。

　　定语从句(The Attributive Clause)
　　目标：
　　1．学会分析句子结构。
　　2. 掌握关系代词和关系副词的用法。
　　重点：
　　介词+which引导的定语从句。
　　I.概念：
　　① 定语从句：在复合句中起定语作用，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
　　② 先行词：定语从句所修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。
　　③ 关系代词和关系副词：引导定语从句的词称为关系代词和关系副词，放在先行词和定语从句之间，同时在定语从句中要作一定的成分。
　　e.g. I  have  a  book  that  you  are  looking  for.
　　先行词   关系代词  定语从句
　　I have a friend  who  likes playing puter games.
　　先行词 关系代词  定语从句
　　II.常见的关系代词和关系副词：
　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as。
　　关系副词有：when, where, why。
　　III.关系代词和关系副词的在定语从句中的作用：
　　①充当主语的关系代词：who，which，that，as。
　　e.g. A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
　　Let’s ask the student who/that is looking at me over there.
　　I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(NMET’97短文改错,改where为which)
　　②充当宾语的关系代词：whom，which, that，as。
　　e.g. The noodles (that/which) I cooked were delicious.
　　The person (whom/that) I just talt is Mr. Li.
　　③充当定语的关系代词：whose。其用法：whose既可指人，也可指物，whose + n.= n. +of whom/of which。
　　A. of whom   B. whom   C. of whose   D. whose
　　The kettle, whose top(the top of which =of which the top) is lost, is of no use.
　　④充当表语的关系代词：that，as。
　　e.g. He is not the man ______he used to be .（自编）
　　A. whom      B. who      C. that      D. what
　　析：who，whom只作主语或宾语，不作表语；what不能引导定语从句；that在从句中可作主，宾，表。
　　⑤充当地点状语的关系副词：where。
　　e.g. They will fly to Washington,      they plan to stay for two or three days.(08重庆No.21)
　　A. where       B. there
　　C. which          D. when
　　After living in Paris for 50 years, he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child. (NMET’96)
　　A. which   B. where   C. that   D. when
　　⑥充当时间状语的关系副词：when。
　　e.g. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (NMET’2001)
　　A. until   B. that   C. when    D. where
　　⑦充当原因状语的关系副词；why。
　　e.g. There are several reasons why we can’t do that.
　　He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school.
　　c.f. The reason that he gave for being late sounded reasonable.
　　IV.关系代词that与which的区别：
　　①that和which指物时，两者可以互换，但在下列情况中，只能用that，而不能用which。
　　1)当先行词是不定代词all，everything，something，nothing，anything，any，much，little，few，none等时。
　　e.g. Is there anything that I can do for you in town?